3/1000 for male breech vs 5.1/1000 for females with no risk and 0.28 for males with no risk.
Breech presentation The treatment rate in the series from Coventry, UK 4, which were universally screened with ultrasound, was 20/1000 for female breech presentation vs.Females In most series, there are about 5 to 8 girls affected for every boy (possibly reflecting the influence of female sex hormones).By day 7, 68% of these were normal increasing to 88% at 2 months, leaving only 1.On day 1, 1 in 60 babies examined had evidence of subluxation on clinical examination.Incidence of dislocation with time of examination This reflects both genetic factors and the type of infant swaddling applied, with legs held together in the former and legs held in wide abduction in the latter 2. There is an ethnic variation with higher rates, for example, in Scandanavian populations, and lower rates in Asian groups. DDH by clinical examination occurs in 1 to 2% of all live births 1. This is because it depends on factors such as when the baby is examined and whether it is diagnosed on clinical examination alone or following ultrasonography. The published incidence of DDH in the literature varies considerably. Dislocation occurs when the femoral head looses contact with the acetabulum and rides postero-laterally over the fibro-cartilagenous rim. The factors initiating this migration of the femoral head have not been clearly identified but central to it is the deficient cartilaginous roof of the acetabulum. A consequence of incomplete bony modelling leaving a shallow, flattened socket. A transient ligamentous laxity that is thought to be an effect of transplacental maternal hormones lasting for a few days after birth. This is because as our knowledge of the natural history for both normal and abnormal hip development has improved it has become apparent that dislocation of the hip is a dynamic process encompassing the antenatal, perinatal and postnatal periods. DDH has superseded Congenital Dislocation of the Hip (CDH) as the appropriate term to be used. This relationship is imperative, as it is the dynamic association of these two structures that provides the necessary stimulus for normal development of the joint in the first few months of life. The central process is a disruption of the normal anatomical relationship that exists between the femoral head and acetabulum. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) describes a spectrum of abnormalities that affect the neonatal and infant hip joint.